Pïrǵàna basida (words added)
We know that the continuous interaction of the Resians with Friulian society has brought with it the development, new knowledge, social changes and progress to the valley, in a word, it has directed
Resian social history. The innovations coming from the Friulians were welcomed and accepted together with the original words, adapted to Resian grammar, becoming an integral part of the lexicon: lḯndä (gallery/terrace), saglàr (bucket/sink where the buckets were hung), ćamḯn (fireplace), kop (ladle, tile), etc.
In the historical era in which economic activities arose and then developed, with the related structures and human resources, Resians have accepted all forms, including lexical ones, assimilating them to their own language. This evolution can be understood and studied well, scrolling through the following list, compiled by consulting the Friulian-Italian INP vocabulary. The main Resian entries are in bold followed by the Italian translation and < the Friulian etymology; in square brackets [ ] some explanatory sentences are reported, taken from the BdC book Materialien I (1895), as well as with the Cyrillic script, where present.
Apä́lt, shop where proprietary goods are sold, e.g.: tobacco; (< Apàlt);
Baćar, butcher (< Beciar) [BdC 1895:184: Tí, ke ṷbṷýwajo žyvýno, mi dímö baћár:: Those who slaughter animals, we call Baćár’];
Baćjarïa, butcher’s shop (< Beciarie);
Bandâr, tinsmith (< Bandâr); /who repairs metal buckets);
Barbîr, barber (< Barbîr);
Barkarjúl, boatman (< Barcarûl);
Batifjàr, ironworker, workshop (< Batifiâr, Batifièr);
Bosćadö́r, woodcutter (< Boscadôr);
Brèk, financier (< Bric ‘banditore o messo fiscale del comune’, ‘town auctioneer or fiscal agent’);
Brigadîr, brigadier (< Brigadiere);
Butighír, shopkeeper (< Bottegaio);
Ćačadö́r, hunter (<Ciazzadôr); [BdC 1895:102; So bíle dwa ћačadö́rja ‘there were two hunters’];
Ćaljâr (Súštär), shoemaker (< Cialiâr);
Ćamarâr, cameraro (< Ciamerâr); Il Nuovo Pirona “Cameraro, title given to the community administrator or tax collector or cashier both civil and religious. The registers of expenses kept by the chamberlains, a good number of which are still preserved in the archives of public bodies, charitable works and churches often offer interesting information and information for the public local history and for the dialect forms used many centuries ago.” The term, in Resian, has also become synonymous with ‘rascal’’;
Ćápitä́neh, captain (< Ciapitani);
Ćaradö́r, carter (< Ciaradôr); [BdC 1895:96: An délal ћaradö́r ‘he was a carter’];
Dentíšt, dentist (< Dentist);
Diretö́r, director (< Diretôr);
Dižertö́r, deserter (< Disertâ ‘disertare’); [BdC 1895:297: to so bile ne dižr̥tö́rje ‘they were deserters’]
Famë̀j, rustic/simple servant, kept at home for stable and country work, INP (< Famèi);
Finančòt, finance guard (< Finanzòt);
Forèšt, foreigner (< Forèst);
Ǵinitö́rije, parents (< Genitôrs);
Granatîr, grenadier (< Granatîr);
Imparadö́r, emperor (< Imperadôr); [BdC 1895:191: Kráj; imparadö́r ‘King; emperor’];
Infirmîr, nurse (< Infermîr);
Išpetö́r, inspector (< Ispetôr);
Kantö́r, chorister (< Cantôr); [BdC 1895:1058 Koj ni prýdeta, ta dwá kantö́rja, ná sэ má pötpýsat tápo dikrèt. ‘When those two singers arrive, they must sign under the decree.’] La tradition of songs in Resian, probably arose in the mid-1800s, through the work of – and – came from singers in every church in the valley, but they were authorized, as we read here, with a decree. On occasion of the solemn masses, all the singers of the hamlets converged on the Sanctuary of Prato.
Kapuzḯn, friar (< Capuzzin);
Karozîr, coachbuilder/who repairs car bodywork (< Carozzîr);
Karpintîr, carpenter (< Carpentîr);
Kavalîr, knight (< Cavalîr);
Klànfär, tinsmith, tinsmith (< Clànfar); craftsman who makes tin objects, i.e. tinsmith or tinsmith INP;
Kliént, customer (< Cliènt);
Kö́ghär (Kö́ghrizä), cook, (cook female) (< Cògo);
Komári, mistress (< Comàri); Germanism is also used Ghoträ da ‘Gevatterin’ [BdC 1895:153];
Komisâr, commissioner (< Comissari);
Konsajír, advisor (< Conseîr);
Kopàre, compare [masculine of ‘comari’] (< Copari); Germanism is also used Ghoter da ‘Gevatter’ [BdC 1895:153];
Korazîr, cuirassier/Guard of Honor of the President of the Republic (< Corazzîr);
Kràmär, street vendor (< Cràmer); haberdasher, street vendor, INP;
Kunjàt, Kunjàdä, brother-in-law, sister-in-law in Italian (< Cugnat, Cugnade);
Kursö́r, messenger who notifies public documents, courier (< Cursôr);
Ladrún, thief (< Ladròn); [BdC 1895:237; Búh je bil ђa na krïš tami dvë́ma ladrúnama, ‘(Christ) God was put on the cross between two thieves’];
Làre, thief (< Làri);
Maèšträ, teacher (< Maèstre, Mèstre); [BdC 1895:162: Bólna maéštra, tuu̯ kóve. ‘The sick teacher, in bed’];
Majö́r, Major/Rank of the army (< Majôr);
Monowàl, labourer; (< Manoâl); [BdC 1895:1058; Monowàl, tí, ka naréa màlto ‘manovale, ‘labourer, the one who makes the mortar’];
Marangûn, carpenter (< Marangòn);
Mídeh, doctor (< Mièdi); [BdC 1895:272; Stь miídeh, anu vi ni ћéte raћèt ‘you are a doctor and you don’t want to say’; (expression addressed to BdC)]
Mištír, profession (< Mistîr); [BdC 1895:269; ká a má mištîr, k â múlina ‘he has a profession, he paints pictures’];
Montanjúl, mountain man (< Montagnûl);
Mulinár, miller (< Mulinâr); [BdC 1895:16; An̨ je šàl jö́čajoћ dö́luh mulinárju ‘went crying down to the miller’;
Mǘneh, sacristan (< Muni); Il Nuovo Pirona 2020:626; who takes care of the cleanliness and decorations of the church, of the vases and sacred vestments, which takes care of ringing the bells” [BdC 1895:176; Tí, ka züný, jь mǘnyh. Mǘnyh ma kafataríjo. ‘Whoever rings the bell is the sacristan. The sexton has a cafeteria.]
Mǘniä, nun (< Mùnia);
Nodâr, notary (< Nodâr);
Nuvič, Nuvičä, groom, bride (< Nuvìz, Nuvìzze);
Paradö́r, hunting beater (< Paradôr); [än naghanjä živïno ta-h ćačadörjän ‘chases the game towards the hunter;
Pastîr, Pastírizä, shepherd, shepherdess (< Pastôr); [BdC (1895):175; Pastírje za hodèt hnä́t kravэ ‘Shepherds to go and graze the cows’];
Pitö́r, painter, house painter(< Pitôr);
Plavàn, parish priest (< Plavàn); [BdC 1895:28; Lisica bíla šlà dékla plavánu ‘The fox had gone as the priest’s domestic servant’];
Portìr, soccer goalkeeper (< Portîr);
Postìr, Postìrizä, postman, postwoman (< Postîr);
Pré, priest (< Pré); Il Nuovo Pirona 2020:803 instead of Prédi [BdC 1895:88, Ja sь bílel taṷ jíspœ ta-per dóm Štéfanu (= pré Štéfanu) ‘I painted in the kitchen at Don Stefano’s, pré Stefano’]
Pretö́r, Praetor (< Pretôr);
Priśonîr, Prisoner (< Presonîr);
Ričevitö́r, receiver, public official (< Ricevitôr);
Rosoän, Resian (< Roseàn);
Sagratàreh, secretary (< Sacratàri); [BdC 1895:251; Ja man tèt tah sagratárihu ‘I have to go to the secretary’]
Sašìn, murderer Sassìn;
Šjör/Šjö́rä, gentleman, wealthy lady (< Siôr/Siòre); [BdC 1895:239; Tadáj na se ћœ́ pajàt, táj te práve šijö́ra ‘Then you will behave like a real lady’]
Šḯndek, mayor (< Sìndic); [(BdC (1895):1051; Áno bóh šíndik šћé nošni dín an ћe umrít zá faštíbihэn ‘and the poor mayor also dies today/is in despair due to worry (he was left alone, because the secretary had been recalled to arms)];
Školér, schoolboy (<Scuelâr); [BdC 1895:420; Ánu jíse sýn ni tél obadát ti drǘhyh škulírjou̯ ‘And this son didn’t want to pay attention to the other pupils’];
Smulḯkar, resin collector (< Smòle = resin); [BdC 1895:226; smulýkarjь];-
Sowdàt, Soldàt, Sowdadije, soldier (< Soldât) [BdC 1895:1051; ni so nón wzele sekrэtáriha za soṷdáda ‘they took our secretary to be a soldier’
Spezjarḯa, pharmacy (< Speziarìe);
Štríjä, witch (< Strìe); [BdC 1895: 890. Tána Múcovьn, ka štríje pléšeo. There from Moz (toponym), where the witches dance. 1895:913 Ka štrije pléšeu, kó ni naréaȗ tóčo ‘that witches dance when they make hailstones;
Štrijun, wizard, sorcerer (< Strïôn);
Taštamùneh, witness (<Testemòni);
Tesêr, Tasér, weaver (< Tessêr); [BdC 1895:155; Tadэj sэ ma je ђat tah tasérju ‘then you have to put/take it to the weaver’];
Uštír, Uštírizä, innkeeper, landlady (< Ustîr, Ustere); [BdC 1895:1111; Uštírjь ní ne smíjo prodáat, ћe to bó zaђáno ‘Innkeepers must not dare to sell or it will be closed
Uštirḯjä, tavern (< Ustirìa, Ostarie); [BdC 1895:14; Ni so pr̥šlì tuṷ no oštaríjo ‘they arrived at a tavern’];
Verendíkul, second-hand dealer, rag-picker (< Rivendicul); [BdC 1895:232: Verendíkula, ka stüjý prodájat na hürýcь Second-hand dealer, who is selling in the square’];
Zḯngär, gypsy (< Zìngar).
In H. Steenwijk’s Mali Bisidnik za tö jošt rozajanskë pïsanjë (2005) there are 2,314 Resian terms, of which 730 are loans from Friulian, practically 31.50% of the total.